Genetics

Discoveries of such things as gene regulatory networks and epigenetics are creating a crisis for evolution

Herero people and German genocide.

Have the fish in New York's Hudson River evolved into 'super mutants'? A large proportion of the river's Atlantic tomcod fish have developed resistance to certain poisons, and the mass media has heralded this as a dramatic example of evolution in action! However, far from supporting microbes-to-man evolution, these mutant fish have actually devolved, not evolved! That's because the fish have become resistant through a loss of genetic information. Non-resistant fish have special proteins in their cells that allow the poisons to bind. However, due to a genetic mutation, the proteins of resistant fish cannot bind the poisons as readily. So, 'corrupted' proteins have made the fish resistant. And in the poison-rich environment of the Hudson River, it's no wonder that the mutated gene facilitating resistance has quickly spread through the tomcod population. It is misleading to call these changes 'evolution', because evolution requires the addition of new genetic information, but these resistant fish have only demonstrated information loss.

Most people know about the DNA code as the 'language of life'. Now scientists have discovered the epigenetic code. DNA code is governed by this code, a code so significant that one science writer said that genes are 'little more than puppets'. What is it and how does it confirm creation?

Mutations do not account for the human genome.

Have any beneficial mutations been found in the human genome?

Shared \\mistakes\\, pseudogenes, and endogenous retroviruses do not fit a \\plagiarism\\ analogy for common ancestry.

The 2015 Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded to Lindahl, Modrich, and Sancar for discovering DNA repair mechanisms.

Serial differentiation is needed to maintain multicelled organisms.

Did you know that the DNA code is itself governed by another code known as the epigenetic code? This physical and chemical code determines which genes are switched on. Changes in this code can greatly alter an organism without altering one letter of its DNA. For instance, scientists have managed to change the coat colour in mice by feeding them a diet that switches off certain genes. Epigenetics poses new problems for evolution. For instance, a group of animals with a camouflaged coat colour might be favoured in a particular environment, but if this coat colour is due to epigenetics and not the actual DNA code, then the non-camouflaged animals would be selected against in vain. When the epigenetic modification is reset by a diet change, natural selection is sent back to square one. The field of epigenetics, therefore, creates problems for evolution and strongly points to a master programmer who invented the DNA and epigenetic codes.

Did you know that animals have genetic switches? These are regulatory regions of DNA that control the genes. Scientists have noticed that dramatic things can happen when a genetic switch is mutated. For instance, a mutated genetic switch can dramatically alter the appearance of stickleback fish, or generate a great variety of coat colours in animals. Veterinary researcher Dr Jean Lightner has suggested that God may have created genetic switches to facilitate variation, the switches having been created with a propensity to mutate without negatively affecting other traits. Modifications to genetic switches are not examples of ‘evolution in action’, even though they often are spoken of in that manner. Indeed, these changes don’t involve new information—new genes—arising, and evolutionists cannot explain the existence of the genetic switches in the first place! The more we learn about the complexity of genomes, the more they point to a super-intelligent master programmer.

Mutational decay in the human genome provides clues to the origin of life, and the extinction of the human race.

Dr. John Sanford and Dr. Robert Carter discuss how genetic entropy is a fatal flaw for biological evolution.

How do fish survive in Antarctic waters without freezing? The answer is that their blood plasma has lots of ‘antifreeze’ protein that bind to ice and prevent the crystals from growing and thus causing damage. Some evolutionists claim that this is an example of ‘evolution in action’ because new DNA code has been created that codes for the antifreeze protein. But does this really support molecules-to-man evolution? Antifreeze proteins are quite different from the complex, specific proteins found elsewhere in the fish, or in our own bodies. They are simple proteins, which may have arisen through the duplication of a digestive enzyme gene that lost its original function due to mutations scrambling it. Even though they fortuitously prevent ice crystals from growing, this is a very non-specific job that many different random proteins could perform. So, even though antifreeze proteins help fish survive, they don’t explain how complex, specific proteins could arise by mutations.

Epigenetics destroys neo-Darwinian notions of junk DNA, pseudogenes and common descent from primitive ancestors.

The Incas of South America stored information in the form of elaborate knotted strings known as khipu (or \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\quipu\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\---Quechua word meaning \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\knot\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\).